TEMPO:

Grave: grave; solemn; very very slow  q=50
Largo: broad; very slow  q=54
Larghetto: a diminutive of largo; 
			somewhat faster than largo
Lento: slow
Adagio: slow (lit. at ease)  q=60
Andante: moderate (lit. at walking tempo)  q=66
Andantino: usually interpreted as 
		a little faster than andante  q=72
Moderato: moderate  q=80
Allegro molto: moderate motion   q=80
Allegretto: a tempo in between allegro 
		and andante  q=96
Allegro: fast (lit. cheerful)  q=104
Animato:   q=104
Con moto:   q=112
Allegro assai:   q=144
Celere:   q=156
Vivace:   q=168
Vivacissimo:   q=180
Presto: very fast
Prestissimo: as fast as possible

TEMPO MODIFIERS:

A Tempo: return to normal
Accelerando: accelerate, become faster
Allargando: slowing down and becoming broader
Assai: much, as in allegro assai; much faster
Cedez: slow down
Con Moto: with motion
Dopplo Movimento: (Doppelt so schnell) double speed
L'Itesso: the same
Meno: less
Molto: very
Mosso: moved, agitated
Non Troppo: not too much
Non Tanto not so much
Piu: more
Rallentando: (Zuruckhalten, Rallentir, Ritardando) 
		slowing down 
Rasch: quick
Ritenuto: suddenly slower
Rubato: elastic, flexible tempo
Schnell: faster
Sostenuto: sustained
Stringendo: quickening, with growing excitement
Tempo Primo: resume the original or first tempo
Vivace:   (Vivement) lively; 
Vivasissimo very quick

FRENCH TEMPO MARKINGS 

Several French composers have written markings 
in their native tongue instead of italian; among them
are baroque composers François Couperin and 
Jean-Philippe Rameau as well as impressionist
composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.

Grave - slowly and solemnly
Lento - slowly
Modéré - at a moderate tempo
Vif - lively
Vite - fast
Trés - very, as in Trés vif (very lively)
Moins - less, as in Moins vite (less fast)
GERMAN TEMPO MARKINGS 

Many composers have used 
German tempo markings

Langsam - slowly
Mäßig - moderately
Lebhaft - lively (mood)
Rasch - quickly
Schnell - fast

DYNAMICS:

Pianissimo (pp): very soft
Piano (p): soft
Mezzo Piano (mp): medium soft
Mezzo Forté (mf): medium loud
Forté (f): loud
Fortissimo (ff/fff): very loud

DYNAMIC MODIFIERS:

Calando: gradually diminishing
Crescendo (cres. ) - gradual increase in volume
Decrescendo or Diminuendo (decres.) - 
		gradual decrease in volume
Morendo: dying away
Peine Entendu: barely audible 
Piu: more
Rinforzando (Sforzando, rfz, sfz): 
		sudden, sharp accent
Stinguendo: fading away

EXPRESSIVE MARKINGS

Affectuoso: affectionate, tender
Affretando: hurrying
Agitato: agitated
Arioso: lyric and expressive
Attaca: attack
Aufgeregt: excited
Bewegt: animated, with motion
Cantabile: singing
Comodo: easy, comfortable
Con Brio: with vigor
Con Calore: with warmth
Con Fuoco: with fire
Deutilich: clear; distinct
Dolce: sweet
Doucement: gently
Doulereux:  sorrowful
Duramente: harshly
Eclatante: brilliant, sparkling
Empfindung, mit.:  with emotion; with feeling
En Dehors: emphasized
Entschielden: resolute, determined
Expressivo: expressive
Faostoso: pompous 
Feierlich: solemn
Fiero:  high spirited, bold
Fliessend: flowing, more flowing
Frei: free; with freedom
Frohlich: joyful
Garbato: graceful, elegant
Gellassen: quiet calm
Gemachlich: comfortable, leisurely
Gemendo: lamenting
Gamessen: restrained
Gesangvoll: songlike, cantabile
Geschwing: quick, nimble
Giocoso: merry
Giusto: just, right; as in tempo guisto; strict 
		or fitting tempo


Grazioso: graceful
Gusto: with zest
Hastig: with haste
Heftig: violent
Innig: heartfelt, tender
Kraftig: strong, vigorous
Lacrimoso: mournful
Langsam: slow
Labhaft: lively
Leidenschaftig: passionate
Legato: smooth
Leggiero: light
Liscio: smooth
Lourd: heavy
Lusingando: caressing
Lustig: merry, cheerful
Lutuoso: mourning
Maestoso: majestic
Marcato: stressed
Markiert: marked, stressed
Markig: vigorous
Mesto: sad
Mezzo: medium
Munter: cheerful
Nachdrucklich: emphatic, expressive
Patetico: with great emotion
Pesante: heavy, emphatic
Piacevole: pleasing, agreeable
Pianamente: smoothly, softly
Placido: tranquil, calm
Precipitando: rushing, impetuous 
Ruhig: quiet
Scherzando: humorous
Schwungvoll: animated, with spirit
Semplice: simple, unaffected
Sempre: still, always
Sfoggiando: ostentatious
Slancio, con: with dash
Snello: agile, nimble
Soave: gentle, sweet
Sospirando: sighing, plaintive
Staccato: detached, short
Straziante: anguished
Tenuto: held
Traumerisch: dreamy
Treibend: hurrying
Unruhig: restless
Voile: veiled, subdued
Volante: rushing, flying
Zart: tender, soft

BOWINGS

Abstrich: (Tierez, Tierer, Tiere)down bow
Aufstrich: (poussez) up bow
Am Steg: near the bridge
Am Frosch: near the frog
Am Griffbrett: (Sul Tasto) near or over the fingerboard
Arco: (Archet) with the bow
Arpeggio: (Arpeggiando, Brise) arpeggiated so the notes 
		of the chord are played one after the other 
		instead of simultaneously. 
Arrache: forceful pizzicato
Au Chevalet: close to the wood of the bridge
Col Legno: with the wood of the bow
Col Arco: with the bow
Coup D'Archet: bow stroke
Detache: detatched, single bowing with slight articulation 
			on each note
Flautando: (Flautato) bowing lightly over the fingerboard
		 to produce a flute-like effect
Glissando: sliding from one pitch to the next
Jete: (Ricochet)  "throwing" the upper part of the bow 
		on the string so that it will bounce a series 
			of rapid notes on the down bows
Loure: slight separation of notes taken in a slur
Martele: "hammered" bowing with forceful, sudden release
Pizzicato: plucked
Portato: a manner of performance halfway between legato 
			and staccato
Saltando:  (Sautille) light, bouncing strokes played 
		in the middle of the bow
Staccato: short, detached strokes
Sul Ponticello: close to the bridge
Sul Tasto: (Sur la touché) near or over the fingerboard
Talon: at the frog
Tremolo: short rapidly repeated strokes (on one note)
Tenuto: sustained

MISCELLANEOUS TERMS

Al Fine: to the end
A Piacere: at the performers discretion
Al Segno: (A.S.) to the sign 
Alta: higher, as in 8va alta; play one octave higher
Ancora: again; repeat (more); as in ancora piu forte;
			still louder
Attaca: attack, go to the next movement without a break
Bassa: lower, as in 8va bassa; play one octave lower
Bis: repeat
Cadenza: extended section, usually for a solo 
		in a free, improvisatory style
Coda: closing section of a movement
Come Prima: as at first
Con: with; as in Con Brio; with spirit
Da Capo: (Von Anfang, D.C.) from the beginning
Dal Segno: (D.S.) from the sign
Dampfer: mute
Divisi: (Div.) divided
Fine: end
GP: general pause
Luftpause: breathing rest
Oberstimme: upper part
Ossia: alternate passage, usually easier
Ottava: (8va) octave
Poco: a little
Senza: without; as in in without mute
Simile:  continue in the same manner
Sordino: mute
Subuto: suddenly
Sul: on, as in sul G; play on the G string
Tacet: silent
Tutti: all
Volti: turn over; turn the page quickly

Allregretto: When you're 16 measures into the piece and 
realize you took too fast a tempo
An-dante : A tempo that's infernally slow
Angus dei: To play with a divinely beefy tone
Antiphonal : Referring to the prohibition 
of cell phones in the concert hall
A patella: Accompanied by knee-slapping
Appologgiatura: A composition that you regret playing
Approximatura:A series of notes not intended by the composer, 
yet played with an "I meant to do that" attitude
Approximento: A musical entrance that is somewhere 
in the vicinity of the correct pitch
Bar line : What musicians form after the concert
Basso continuo : When musicians are still fishing long 
after the legal season has ended
Ben sostenuto : First cousin of the second trombonist
Cacophony: A composition incorporating many people 
with chest colds
Cadenza : Something that happens when you forget what 
the composer wrote
Cantabile : To achieve a complaining sound, as if you have a sour stomach
Col legno : An indication to cellists to hold on tight with their lower extremities
Con sordino : An indication to string players to bow in a slashing, rapier motion
Coral symphony: A large, multi-movement work from Beethoven's Caribbean Period
Dill piccolini: An exceedingly small wind instrument that plays only sour notes
Espressivo : Used to indicate permission to take a coffee break
Fermantra: A note held over and over and over and over and . . .
Fermoota: A note of dubious value held for indefinite length
Fiddler crabs: Grumpy string players
Flute flies: Those tiny mosquitos that bother musicians on outdoor gigs

Frugal horn: A sensible and inexpensive brass instrument
Gaul blatter: A French horn player
Gregorian champ: The title bestowed upon the monk 
who can hold a note the longest
Ground hog: Someone who takes control of the repeated 
bass line and won't let anyone else play it
L'istesso tempo : An indication to play listlessly 
(e.g., as if you don't care)
Maestro : A person who, standing in front of the orchestra 
and/or chorus, is able to follow them precisely
Opera buffa : Musical stage production performed by nudists
Pastoral : The beverage to drink in the country when listening 
to Beethoven with a member of the clergy
Peasnte : An effect distinctly non-upper-class
Pizzacato : Too much coffee -- time to take a break
Placebo domingo: A faux tenor
Schmalzando: A sudden burst of music from the 
Guy Lombardo band
The right of strings: Manifesto of the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Violists
Rubato : A cross between a rhubarb and a tomato
Spritzicato: An indication to string instruments to 
produce a bright and bubbly sound
Tempo tantrum: What an elementary school orchestra 
is having when it's not following the conductor
Trouble clef: Any clef one can't read: e.g., alto clef 
for pianists
Vesuvioso: An indication to build up to a fiery conclusion
Vibratto: Child prodigy son of the concertmaster